Death Penalty Essay - 1171 Words

Death Penalty The death penalty, outlawed in most of Europe, Canada, Australia and most other countries in the world, is still practiced in almost 40 states in the U.S. Today, there are more than 3,000 people on death row waiting the day of their execution. They are put to death by methods such as hanging, electrocution, lethal injection and by firing squad. Since the death penalty was reinstated bye the supreme court in 1976, by the Gregg v. Georgia decision, more than 525 people have been put to death. Today there are many people for the death penalty and see nothing wrong with it but there are many people who feel hat it constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. The 8th amendment of the U.S. protects its citizens from cruel and†¦show more content†¦Almost all capital punishment defendants are indigent when arrested, and are generally represented by court appointed lawyers, who are inexperienced and unpaid. The federal government and many states have drastically slashed funding to attorneys to represent defendants in the death penalty cases. Some defendants have told stories of their lawyers being drunk or asleep during the trial, never meet with their clients, nor have no legal experience previous to their trial. Often the attorney’s who have been disbarred because of wrong doings take the death penalty cases because no one wants them and they often do them for service to their business. Defending a death penalty case is very time-consuming and usually takes seven hundred to one thousand hours. In some cases the hourly rates for the attorneys is less than the minimum wage, and usually less than the lawyer’s hourly expenses. Wealthy people who can hire their own counsel are usually not put to death, no matter how serious their crime was. Poor people do not have the same opportunities to buy their lives. Death row in the U.S has always had a bigger population of colored people then whites. The most important factor of the death penalty concerning races is the race of the victim. Those who kill a white person are more likely to receive the capital punishment then those who kill a colored person. A report by the Death Penalty Information Center found that in ninety-six percent of the studies examiningShow MoreRelatedPro Death Penalty Speech1482 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce myself before we get started. My name is Slick Perry and if you didn’t already know, I am the state governor of Texas. You are all aware that we are reviewing our recidivism rate to various crimes and reviewing our stance regarding the death penalty as we approach 2009. Everyone here understands that capital punishment is a very controversial topic in the United States. In Texas, from December 1982 through August 2008, only 361 criminals of the millions of Texans in our good state were executedRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pages In her article â€Å"The Truth About The Death Penalty†, Carina Kolodny argues that the death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishmentRead MoreThe Bible and Death Penal ty Essay example812 Words   |  4 Pagesa person’s view of the Bible influence what they think about the death penalty for murderers.† I would like to see if a person’s view of the bible influence what they think of the death penalty. This is interesting to me because I am interested in the field of criminal justice and the death penalty is a huge topic to this day. There are many journals that talk about studies that were done on religion and views of the death penalty which have to do with my topic of interest. My hypothesis is thatRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty: Capital Punishment and Violent Crime1570 Words   |  7 PagesCapital Punishment and Violent Crime Hypothesis Most Americans are pro-death penalty, even though they dont really believe that it is an effective deterrent to violent crime. Those who are pro-death penalty will remain so, even if faced with the best arguments of anti-death penalty activists and told to assume the arguments were absolutely true. Violent crime Violent crime is a major problem in the United States. According to the ACLU, the violent crime rate rose sixty-one percentRead MoreEssay on Article Analysis: OSullivans View of the Death Penalty1536 Words   |  7 PagesBritain should have the death penalty. O’Sullivan addresses all the main counter arguments when explain to his audience his conclusion. His supporting evidence includes death penalty decisions in history and several other statistics. Emotionally terms, faulty cause and effects scenarios, and either/or point of views are other ways the author conveys his opinion to the audience. The article begins with an overall theme threw out O’Sullivan’s piece: does the death penalty appropriately punishRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles946 Words   |  4 Pages The death penalty for minors differs greatly from the death penalty for adult. The law that minor could be put on death row was decided to rule against the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment prohibits the act of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment† which putting minors on death row breaks. On March 4, 2005 the law that minors could not be put on death row for their actions was set into place. The new laws say, â€Å"They cannot punish a minor by death penalty and they cannot punish someone for a crimeRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Mandatory?925 Words   |  4 Pagesopinions on the subject. When we were discussing the death penalty although my opinion didn’t change, after hearing what some of my classmates had to say about the subject during our lab I was able to respectfully see why they had those thoughts and feelings about the subject. I believe that we should have the death penalty, and that it helps prevents more crime from happening. However, during our lab students that thought we should ban the death penalty had some pretty interesting reasons behind theirRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Legal1805 Words   |  8 Pagesthat we all know is the death penalty. This penalty has been going around for years. To many people it might be the best way of punishing a person. On the other hand there are people who think that if you kill a person you should be sentenced to die as well. For me I would say it might not be the best way and it not working as many would like it. When choosing if you are for the death penalty you have to okay with an insect person dyei ng or even a family member being in death row. I know that is somethingRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Effective Reliable Tool904 Words   |  4 Pagesthe death penalty has been a frequent topic of discussion, as our recent technological advancements have evidently led individuals to consider the â€Å"new found† legitimacy of our court systems, as statistics display that our previous racial bias and the apparent morality of the practice itself have a miniscule impact on our conviction rate. Both the advancements and ethics that the death penalty provides become apparent through the utilization of anecdotes and statistics, as the death penalty has prevailed

The Environmental Impact of Slash and Burn Agriculture

Slash and burn agriculture—also known as swidden or shifting agriculture—is a traditional method of tending domesticated crops that involves the rotation of several plots of land in a planting cycle. The farmer plants crops in a field for one or two seasons  and then lets the field lie fallow for several seasons. In the meantime, the farmer shifts to a field that has lain fallow for several years  and removes the vegetation by cutting it down and burning it—hence the name slash and burn. The ash from the burned vegetation adds another layer of nutrients to the soil, and that, along with the time resting, allows the soil to regenerate. The Best Conditions for Slash and Burn Agriculture Slash and burn agriculture  works best in low-intensity  farming situations when the farmer has plenty of land that he or she can afford to let lay fallow, and it works best when crops are rotated to assist in restoring the nutrients. It has also been documented in societies where people maintain a very broad diversity of food generation; that is, where people also hunt game, fish, and gather wild foods. Environmental Effects of Slash and Burn Since the 1970s or so, swidden agriculture has been described as both a bad practice, resulting in the progressive destruction of natural forests, and an excellent practice, as a refined method of forest preservation and guardianship. A recent study conducted on historical swidden agriculture in Indonesia (Henley 2011) documented the historical attitudes of scholars towards slash and burn and then tested the assumptions based on more than a century of slash and burn agriculture. Henley discovered that the reality is that swidden agriculture can add to deforestation of regions  if the maturing age of the removed trees is much longer than the fallow period used by the swidden agriculturalists. For example, if a swidden rotation is between 5 and 8 years, and the rainforest trees have a 200-700 year cultivation cycle, then slash and burn represents one of what may be several elements resulting in deforestation. Slash and burn is a useful technique in some environments, but not in all. A  special issue of Human Ecology  suggests that the creation of global markets is pushing farmers to replace their swidden plots with permanent fields. Alternatively, when farmers have access to off-farm income, swidden agriculture is maintained as a complement to food security (see Vliet et al. for a summary). Sources Blakeslee DJ. 1993. Modeling the abandonment of the Central Plains: Radiocarbon dates and the origin of the Initial Coalescent. Memoir 27, Plains Anthropologist 38(145):199-214. Drucker P, and Fox JW. 1982. Swidden didn make all that midden: The search for ancient Mayan agronomies. Journal of Anthropological Research 38(2):179-183. Emanuelsson M, and Segerstrom U. 2002. Medieval slash-and-burn cultivation: Strategic or adapted land use in the Swedish mining district? Environment and History 8:173-196. Grave P, and Kealhofer L. 1999. Assessing bioturbation in archaeological sediments using soil morphology and phytolith analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 26:1239-1248. Henley D. 2011. Swidden Farming as an Agent of Environmental Change: Ecological Myth and Historical Reality in Indonesia. Environment and History 17:525-554. Leach HM. 1999. Intensification in the Pacific: A critique of the archaeological criteria and their applications. Current Anthropology 40(3):311-339. Mertz, Ole. Swidden Change in Southeast Asia: Understanding Causes and Consequences. Human Ecology, Christine Padoch, Jefferson Fox, et al., Vol. 37, No. 3, JSTOR, June 2009. Nakai, Shinsuke. Analysis of Pig Consumption by Smallholders in a Hillside Swidden Agriculture Society of Northern Thailand. Human Ecology 37, ResearchGate, August 2009. Reyes-Garcà ­a, Victoria. Ethnobotanical Knowledge and Crop Diversity in Swidden Fields: A Study in a Native Amazonian Society. Vincent Vadez, Neus Martà ­ Sanz, Human Ecology 36, ResearchGate, August 2008. Scarry CM. 2008. Crop Husbandry Practices in North America’s Eastern Woodlands. In: Reitz EJ, Scudder SJ, and Scarry CM, editors. Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology: Springer New York. p 391-404.

Utilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill - 1372 Words

Act Utilitarianism is a long standing and well supported philosophical argument that when boiled down to its most basic elements, can be described as creating â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number† (122). Such was the sentiment of John Stuart Mill, one of act utilitarianism’s (also known as just utilitarianism) greatest pioneers, and promoters. Mills believed that his theory of always acting in a way that achieved the greatest net happiness was both superior to other philosophical theories and also more beneficial to the general public. However, as often occurs in the field of philosophy, there were many detractors to Mill’s ideas. Two specifically strong arguments are known as the doctrine of the swine, as well as man’s lack of time. While both certainly present valid arguments against Utilitarianism, neither is damning of the theory altogether. To fully understand and evaluate the objections raised by those not in favor of Utilitarianism, a bet ter explanation of this ethical code is needed. Championed by men like John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism revolves around the moral standard of the â€Å"principle of utility† (122). This principle states that any action which brings about the most overall well-being into the world is both correct and actually morally required, and that by not acting on your â€Å"best† option, a person is acting immorally. An attractive aspect of this moral standard, at least to the majority of people, is that under its laws, all people’s happiness isShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism880 Words   |  4 Pagessometimes hard to define, but with John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism it is a little bit easier. Utilitarianism is an easy one, for the reason that it is defined by the greatest happiness for everyone involved. Sometimes it does not always make everyone content, but if you look at it as a whole it makes sense. Mill says that we have to l ook at the bigger picture. One person’s happiness affects another’s and so on. Utilitarianism is a moral theory that John Stuart Mill, the philosopher, formulated toRead MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill1805 Words   |  8 PagesIn his book Utilitarianism, John Stuart Mill presents his exposition and his major defenses of the philosophy of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism, a theory in ethics developed by the philosopher Jeremy Bentham, focuses on a concept of utility that focuses on deciding if actions are morally right or wrong by analyzing the pleasure and pain they cause. In other words, if an action causes primarily pleasure for all parties, then it must be good and right; however, if it causes pain for the parties involvedRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1365 Words   |  6 Pages In John Stuart Mill’s book Utilitarianism, he argues for the defense of utilitarianism, an age old theory originally developed by Jeremy Bentham that states the pr oper course of action is the one that maximizes happiness. The course of action that maximizes general happiness is also the only true standard for moral assessment. Mill also introduces the idea of ‘first principle’ which states that it is not acceptable for individuals to characterize actions as either ‘good’ or ‘bad’, because it isRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1599 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is a doctrine in normative ethics that is outlined and defended by many philosophers, including the English philosopher John Stuart Mill as a standard to determine what are right and wrong actions. At its most basic claim, the right course of action one must take should be in the interest of maximizing what is known as utility. The right course of action is determined as being right if it maximizes the total benefit and happiness gained, while at the same time reducing the greatestRead MoreThe Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill984 Words   |  4 PagesDecriminalize Drug use Utilitarianism as an example of consequentialism is a moral theory generally considered to have started in the late eighteenth century. In the book Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill he defined the ethical theory stating that â€Å"†¦actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness†(7). The idea behind the theory is that people seek happiness, and that the ultimate goal of all human beings is to be happy.Read MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill854 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Stuart Mill, among other things, was an English philosopher and economist who lived from 1806 to 1873. Mill grew up being immersed in the principles of utilitarianism. Mill’s essay on utilitarianism, titled Utilitarianism, was written to debunk misconceptions of and to provide support for the ideology. Mill’s essay and argument span five chapters, where his discussions range from definitions, misconceptions, re wards, methods, and validity. Utilitarianism is generally held to be the view thatRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism983 Words   |  4 PagesIn Utilitarianism actions are judged right and wrong solely on their consequence, and in order to assess this consequences, the only thing that matters is the amount of happiness and unhappiness caused and by calculating happiness and unhappiness caused, nobody’s happiness counts any more than anybody else’s. Utilitarian ethics is the most common form of ethics used today, it has thrived because two needs have been met by it. Firstly, end-based thinking is common and people have sought to improveRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill And Utilitarianism1202 Words   |  5 Pages I contend that the philosophy of John Stuart Mill and Utilitarianism can be used to show that society should will that genetic enhancement be morally acceptable if the adverse cognitive or emotional effects are outweighed by the benefits. Glannon argues tha t gene enhancement is morally objectionable because â€Å"there would be the unacceptable social cost of some people suffering from adverse cognitive or emotional effects of the enhancement.† Under Utilitarianism, society would likely deem that geneticRead MoreUtilitarianism By John Stuart Mill930 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis Paper 2 In the essay â€Å"Utilitarianism† by John Stuart Mill, he explains his support for utilitarianism and argues any misconceptions of it. In his essay he talks about the difference between higher and lower pleasures and what significance they have in his utilitarian moral theory. His theory is based on the rule that â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† Many people experience different kinds of pleasureRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill2436 Words   |  10 PagesUtilitarianism is an ethical speculation that communicates that the best movement is the one that expands utility. Utility is portrayed in various courses, frequently to the extent the success of mindful substances, for instance, people and diverse animals. Jeremy Bentham, the coordinator of utilitarianism, delineated utility as the entire of all bliss that results from a movement, short the burden of anyone req uired in the action. Utilitarianism is a variation of consequentialism, which communicates

Qualitative Research Article Analysis

Question: Clear statement of problem and its significance to nursing, Broadness of the research question for a qualitative study and Appropriateness of the data analysis procedures for collected data and qualitative method? Answer: Clear statement of problem and its significance to nursing: The concerned article on Patients experiences of ongoing palliative chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: a qualitative study by Jenny Cameron and Susan Waterworth published in the International Journal of Palliative Nursing in 2014, Volume 20, No 5, clearly states the focus of the article on highlighting the experiences evident in patients of colorectal cancer at metastatic stage and undergoing palliative chemotherapy. As asserted by Chawla et al. (2013), it is important to identify the issues and areas of positivity for the patients to provide them with relevant nursing care and improve the nursing efficiency as well. This research also clarifies the issue of finding out relevant coping strategies for such patients to be able to receive the extended chemotherapy for long time. Therefore it is quiet significant to nursing. Clarity of purpose: The purpose of this research is very clear to highlight the experiences or reflects of the specific category of patients with a strong focus on identifying the coping strategies for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with the need to survive for long periods with extended chemotherapy. Broadness of the research question for a qualitative study: The stated research question in this article deals with the wide range of experiences encountered by CRC patients under extended palliative chemotherapy treatments. It forms a sufficiently broad research question to conduct a qualitative study, which as per view of Holloway Wheeler (2010) requires a question that will leave space for all the possible inputs of the subjects that are able to incorporate in a research. Consistency of the study design with the qualitative approach: The descriptive design adopted in this research aligns perfectly with the qualitative approach. In descriptive design there is a scope of assembling the minute details and hidden facts related to the study topic thus enabling consideration of wide range of details, which is in consistence with the qualitative approach (Toloie-Eshlaghy et al. 2011). Consistency of the subjects with qualitative methodology: The subjects for this research are selected with purposive sampling based on specific inclusion criteria. The qualitative methodology is in alignment with the purposive sampling and induces the selection of categorized individuals for the study to attain quality and relevant data regarding the topic (Leavy Hesse-Biber, 2010). The 10 subjects chosen for this research meeting all the inclusion criteria set for sampling is consistent with the qualitative method. Thus, the subjects selected through alignment with inclusion criteria aptly suit the purpose of the qualitative approach for the research in this article Appropriateness of setting for the study: The regional cancer centre in North Island, New Zealand is an appropriate setting to conduct this study on the patients experiences of receiving extended palliative chemotherapy for metastatic CRC. Since, a qualitative research requires a small number of sample deriving valid and relevant data, this place with 416200 population base suits the need for qualitative research requiring smaller number of subjects. The number of cases for patients receiving palliative chemotherapy on extended basis is expected to be lesser in this place. As opined by Denzin Lincoln (2011), a qualitative study is best conducted with a small sample. Consistency of data collection method with qualitative approach purpose: The use of the 10 semi-structured interview questions with scope of follow up cues for the participants is highly consistent with qualitative approach as it provided ample scope of putting own psychological information regarding the research topic by the participants. The demographic data and audio recording of the 30-60 minutes interviews are highly aligning to the need of the qualitative approach, which emphasizes on deriving subjective data from the respondents (Appleton et al. 2013). The questions identified in the research that are presented to the patients are highly relevant to the research topic. It provides ample opportunities to the respondents to provide detail insights of their perceptions identifying the issues and positive aspects of palliative chemotherapy in treating patients with CRC. Protection of rights of the human subjects: The current research stated in this article was conducted with the ethics approval from New Zealand Health and Disability Ethics Committee. It is an indication that the research complies with the human rights of the subjects without which they would not have been able to gain the permission. The ethics approval constitute of the criteria of assuring privacy and confidentiality of the patients identity and their data collected, the use of the data for only academic purposes and the assurance of preventing any force of any kind on patients to collect the data (OBrien et al. 2010). The research highlighting instances when patients were discussed for several times in the data collection and analysis processes are indicative of the fact that a high priority is given to the consent and convenience of the patients. Therefore, it is clearly evident in this research that the rights of the human subject are strictly protected at a high level. Evidence of data saturation: No particular evidence of data saturation is provided in this research article. However, the identification of the 20 patients from 32 selected ones based on the eligibility criteria and on expertise of the oncologist indicates the assumption of data saturation at an early stage of the research conduction. Out of 12 selected through follow up and contact by the oncologist the 10 finally selected respondents indicate a slight degree of data saturation. But any strong evidence is missing. Appropriateness of the data analysis procedures for collected data and qualitative method: Transcribing interviews from digital recordings are highly efficient in data immersion. Consideration of the various interpretations of the collected data through discussions and analysis enable enhancement of trust quotient and rigor of the data. Ellis Levy (2009) identified the high trust quality and rigor as essential for the data of a qualitative research. It assisted in the providence of experience reflection at the setting and an idea of the effect it has on the data. In the concerned research, the development of significant dominant theme is evident as per frequency through the adoption of an inductive approach. The transcripts used here are very useful in development of the theme by extensively going through the data to develop the new inductive theme. Enhancement of rigor and trustworthiness is evident in the research which is enabled by the efficient data analysis procedures. Therefore, the data analysis process used here are quiet appropriate for analyzing the data collec ted over here for the qualitative approach. Sufficiency of evidence of scientific rigor: The evidence of scientific rigor in a research study is based on the presence of aspects as credibility, dependability, trustworthiness, conformability and transferability (Nasponline.org, 2015). In this research the presence of credibility is high depicted by the selection of the subjects by the eminent experienced oncologist. The data analysis processes as transcripts, codes and theme construction from data gathered by digital recording provide evidence for the credibility and the dependability of the research data collection method ensuring high accuracy of the data interpretation. The inclusion criteria used in this research are quiet efficient in ensuring the selection of the most appropriate candidates for the research data collection. This research depicts high transferability as the subjects are themselves suffering from CRC and undergoing the chemotherapy procedure for over 12 months. However, this research lacks conformability as there is no mention of audit or record keeping of the details of the research. Therefore this research provides sufficient evidence of scientific rigor. Appropriateness and clarity of conclusions and implications: The conclusion of this research identifying the changed trajectory of palliative chemotherapy treatment for the CRC as providing control over the disease for several periods asserting the need of the nurses to develop deeper understanding of the patient experiences and highlighting the effective coping strategies is very appropriate for this research. As stated by Rajandram et al. (2011), this research also concludes by highlighting the importance of communication development between patients, families and health-care teams to ensure transparency, support and trust for a better and effective assessment, understanding and caring for the patient. The conclusion also emphasizes on its efficiency to assess and improve healthcare professionals skills and scope of intervention availability. It also focuses on the improvement of ongoing treatment options experienced by the patients of CRC to enhance the quality and quantity of life. Thus, the conclusion of this research seems very appropria te for the study topic. This research seems to provide an implication identifying the potential of the nurses to influence the CRC patients experiences regarding the palliative chemotherapy in the setting. Although the implication provide an in-depth idea of the usefulness of the positivity approach at healthcare setting to cope up with the issues of chemotherapy, yet it lacks the specific mention of the experiences encountered by the patients through the procedure. As per the view of McCreaddie Payne, Froggatt (2010), the efficiency of positivity among patients is seen to enable the development of strong and productive relationship minimizing side effects experienced by the patients. It is a major facilitator for coping with the constant treatment process of chemotherapy. Therefore, the implications are clearly stated. Inclusion of suggestion for future research: This study does not include any suggestion for future research. References Appleton L, Goodlad S, Irvine F, Poole H, Wall C (2013) Patients experiences of living beyond colorectal cancer: a qualitative study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 17(5): 6107. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2013.01.002 Chawla N, Butler EN, Lund J, Warren JL, Harlan LC, Yabroff KR (2013) Patterns of colorectal cancer care in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2013(46): 3661. doi: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgt009 Denzin, N. K. Lincoln, Y. S. (2011) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research. Page 271, 4th ed. London: Sage Publications Ellis, T. Levy, Y. (2009) Towards a guide for novice researchers on research methodology: Review and proposed methods, Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 6, 323-337. Holloway I, Wheeler S (2010) Qualitative Research in Nursing and Healthcare. 3rd edn. Wiley Blackwell, Chichester Leavy, P. Hesse-Biber, S. N. (2010) The Practice of Qualitative Research. Page 253, 2nd ed. London: Sage Publications McCreaddie M, Payne S, Froggatt K (2010) Ensnared by positivity: a constructivist perspective on being positive in cancer care. Eur J Oncol Nurs 14(4): 28390. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2010.03.002 Nasponline.org,. (2015).NASP CQ Vol. 34, #5 - Role of Qualitative Research Methods in Evidence-Based Practice. Retrieved 8 July 2015, from https://www.nasponline.org/publications/cq/cq345research.aspx OBrien I, Britton E, Sarfati D et al (2010) The voice of experience: results from Cancer Control New Zealands first national cancer care survey. NZ Med J 123(1325): 109 Rajandram RK, Jenewein J, McGrath C, Zwahlen RA (2011) Coping processes relevant to posttraumatic growth: an evidence-based review. Support Care Cancer 19(5): 5839. doi: 10.1007/s00520-011-1105-0 Toloie-Eshlaghy, A., Chitsaz, S., Karimian, L. Charkhchi, R. (2011) A Classification of Qualitative Research Methods, Research Journal of International Studies, 20, 106-152.